All species / Numenius borealis

Numenius borealis

Eskimo Curlew · (Forster, 1772)

Red List, global: CR; Critically Endangered, 2021
First CITES listing: I; Appendix I, 1975
CITES trade records: 4; 2000–2013 · exporter-reported
Unit dimensions: 1; reported separately, never summed
NAMMCO catch entries: none; NAMMCO reports a subset of marine mammals
Seizure records: 0; reported taxon matches

One of 43: each square a species, coloured by its latest global Red List category, this one ringed. Eskimo Curlew is among the birds.

In summary derived

Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew, is placed in family Scolopacidae, order Charadriiformes, class Aves. The earliest CITES listing row the corpus holds for it is Appendix I, dated 1975. The corpus records 1 dated listing row in total.

Its latest global Red List assessment is Critically Endangered, published 2021. It carries 12 earlier global assessments on the current scale and 1 on a scale that was superseded before the current categories and cannot be compared with them.

The corpus holds 4 exporter-reported CITES trade records for it, from 2000 to 2013, reported across 1 unit dimension. The most frequently recorded term is bodies (4 records). The corpus holds no NAMMCO catch records for it. No seizure record in the corpus is attributed to it.

Composed from 16 corpus fields, by template, with no model

species.class
species.family
species.order_name
species_catch.catch_total
species_iucn.is_global
species_iucn.status
species_iucn.year_published
species_listing.appendix
species_listing.listing_date
species_seizure.*
species_trade.dimension
species_trade.first_year
species_trade.last_year
species_trade.record_count
species_trade.reporter_type
species_trade.term

Each sentence is generated from the columns above and nothing else. The same corpus produces the same text every time. Where a field is absent the sentence is omitted rather than hedged.

Overview curated

Taxonomy entered by a named curator and versioned in the repository.

Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Scolopacidae
First CITES listing: 1975
Global Red List status: CR (PE)Critically Endangered, assessed 2021

Content withheld pending expert review

8 narrative sections for this species were machine-drafted and are not shown. No subject expert has reviewed and signed them.

Trade derived

CITES Trade Database v2025.1, extracted 13 June 2025.

There is no single trade total

Quantities are reported per unit dimension, per traded term, and per reporting side. These are not additive: kilograms and individual animals have no common unit, a live animal is not a carving, and an importer report and an exporter report are two accounts of one shipment rather than two shipments.

Figures below are exporter-reported.

Trade over time

Peak 1 records in 2000. Trade records per year, exporter-reported, every term and unit counted as records, not quantities.

Peak 1 specimens in 2000. Quantity of bodies, the term with most records (4), in specimens, exporter-reported. Other terms are in the tables below, each in its own unit.

count measured in specimens

4 of 4 records carry a quantity in specimens. CITES leaves the unit blank to mean a count of the term.

Term	Quantity	Records	Years	Source
bodies	4 specimens	4	2000–2013	O

CITES listings curated

CoP decisions, cross-checked against the appendix reported on trade records.

Date	Appendix	Annotation	Status
1975-07-01	I	none	first listing

Convention on Migratory Species

Listed under CMS: Appendix I, Appendix II. Also covered by Southern South American Grassland Birds, which are separate instruments with their own annexes.

IUCN Red List derived

Assessment history. Scope is always stated: a regional assessment is not the species status.

This history crosses a criteria revision

Categories from before 2001 come from earlier Red List systems. Three kinds are kept apart.

LR/lc and LR/nt are the modern LC and NT under their old names, so they are plotted as those categories and the line runs through them: nothing changed but the wording.

LR/cd was discontinued with no successor. This project reads it as Near Threatened, following a published crosswalk between the old and new Red List systems, and the chart marks such a point hollow and names both codes, because placing a category is not the same as finding it published.

The pre-1994 codes (E, V, K, T and the rest) are not on the risk order at all, so they sit below the axis and the line breaks across them. A category change across a criteria revision is not a change in extinction risk, and none of these is scored as a movement: the ledger refuses every one of them at gate 3.

published global assessment
not on this scale (below the axis)

Vertical position is the IUCN risk order, not a measured quantity: the gaps between categories are equal on the page and not in nature. Anything that is not one of the nine modern categories carries no position on that order — Data Deficient, a superseded category, or a record that no assessment was made — so it sits below the axis and the line breaks across it rather than joining through. Each point names which it is. The dashed step crosses the 2001 revision of the Red List criteria: the category codes on either side match, the criteria behind them do not, so the step is shown and not measured.

Category movement since listing: not scored. Gate 3: the baseline category T comes from a pre-2001 Red List system and is not on the modern ordinal scale. Threatened (pre-1994 grouping). How this is defined and why some species are not scored

Year	Category	Meaning	Scope	Status
2021	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global	current for this scope
2019	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2018	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2016	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2015	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2013	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2012	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2009	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2008	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2004	CR (PE)	Critically Endangered	Global
2000	CR	Critically Endangered	Global
1996	CR	Critically Endangered	Global
1994	CR	Critically Endangered	Global
1988	T	Threatened (pre-1994 grouping)	Global

Reported catch derived

NAMMCO catch exports dated 11 June 2025. A reported zero is stored as zero, distinct from an unknown.

No NAMMCO catch records for this species. NAMMCO reports on a subset of marine mammals, so an absence here is expected for most species and does not mean no catch occurred.

Illegal trade seizures derived

Seizure records whose reported taxon resolves to this species.

What the seizure source records

No seizure in the compilation names this species. Matching is on the taxon the source reported, case aside. Across the whole compilation, 225 of 919 rows match one of the 43 species and the rest name other taxa.

Quantities are unitless. The source gives no date or place, so the table shows the product and the reported taxon.

No seizure records attributed to this species.

References withheld

Machine-proposed bindings. Shown only where an expert has signed the profile and the binding is live.

No references are recorded for this species: none is shown, and none was machine-proposed for review.

Timeline curated

Curated events. Those with no corroborating table in this database are marked.

Date	Event	Type	Corroboration
2021	IUCN Red List Assessment (2021)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2019	IUCN Red List Assessment (2019)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2018	IUCN Red List Assessment (2018)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2016-03-16	CITES Trade Suspension	cites_suspension	curated
2016	IUCN Red List Assessment (2016)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2015	IUCN Red List Assessment (2015)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2014-06-15	CITES Trade: specimens	cites_trade	checked against `cites_trade_records`
2013-06-15	CITES Trade: bodies	cites_trade	checked against `cites_trade_records`
2013	IUCN Red List Assessment (2013)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2012	IUCN Red List Assessment (2012)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2009-06-15	CITES Trade: skeletons	cites_trade	checked against `cites_trade_records`
2009	IUCN Red List Assessment (2009)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2008-06-15	CITES Trade: bodies	cites_trade	checked against `cites_trade_records`
2008	IUCN Red List Assessment (2008)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2006-01-16	CITES Trade Suspension	cites_suspension	curated
2004-06-15	CITES Trade: bodies	cites_trade	checked against `cites_trade_records`
2004	IUCN Red List Assessment (2004)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
2000-06-15	CITES Trade: bodies	cites_trade	checked against `cites_trade_records`
2000	IUCN Red List Assessment (2000)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
1996	IUCN Red List Assessment (1996)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
1994	IUCN Red List Assessment (1994)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
1988	IUCN Red List Assessment (1988)	iucn_assessment	checked against `iucn_assessments`
1975-07-01	Listed in CITES Appendix I	cites_listing	checked against `cites_listings`

Events marked curated are not matched by a row in a corroborating table, either because none applies or because the table holds no such row, and rest on the curator alone. They are shown, and marked, rather than presented as equivalent to a table-checked fact.